Titlebook: Endoscope-controlled Transcranial Surgery; Advancing the Standa Waleed Abdelfattah Azab Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Aut

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Comparative Optics of the Surgical Microscope and Rigid Endoscopes in Neurosurgery,with the principles dictating the nature of surgical visualization when either of the visual control systems is used. It is not by any means geared toward elaborating on the detailed optical physics of these systems, which is beyond the scope and objective of this chapter.

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Endoport-Guided Endoscopic Excision of Intraaxial Brain Tumors,ntricular and parenchymal brain tumors. Recently, transparent cylindrical or tubular retractors have been developed to provide a stable corridor to access deeper brain lesions and perform bimanual microsurgical resection. The flexible endoports minimize brain retraction injury during surgery and, al