Titlebook: Electron-Photon Cascades; A Probabilistic Poin Vladimir V. Uchaikin Book 2024 Higher Education Press Limited Company 2024 Cosmic rays.Casca

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Barry Golding,Suzanne D. GoldingMore complex than electron–photon cascades are .?(EAS)—cascades initiated by primary ultrahigh-energy cosmic radiation in the atmosphere including hadron reach component [.]. They contain almost all currently known elementary particles and a search for new particles is underway.

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Forward (Basic) Equation for CP,Let . be the random density of particles at the measurement moment . and . be the part of this density formed by descendants of the particle which was located at point . at time .. We assume that external sources do not produce particles during the interval (.,?.) .

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Backward (Adjoint) Equation,Markov branching nature of fragmentation-advection processes provides opportunity to restrict our attention to processes with initial states consisting only of one particle.

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Cherenkov Radiation of EPC,In the paper [.], we analyzed the fluctuations of Cherenkov radiation and its correlations with the number of particles in B-approximation of EPC theory approximation. To solve this problem, we generalized the method developed in [.] as applied to fluctuations in the EPC particles number.

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Amantika Singh,Krishna Kumar Choudharyn atoms, helium, heavier atoms, the nuclei of which can consist of several tens of nucleons. All of them perform, interacting with each other, as well as with gravitational and electromagnetic fields. In most cases, the particle–particle interactions are treated in terms of collision events, between