Titlebook: Early Black Thinkers in the Diaspora and Their Conceptualizations of Africa; Abdul Karim Bangura Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable) a

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Alexander Crummell,l has been viewed as an eloquent voice in the Black Nationalist and Pan-Africanist movements. He was considered a Black Nationalist and a Pan-Africanist for his desire to unite all people of African descent. Crummell’s . (1862) is a series of lectures given by the author in Liberia in 1862. Crummell

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Martin Robinson Delany,h century and how his ideas can be used to build a new Africa. Delany spoke of the injustices of slavery and proposed a great migration of African descendants to the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. He is also widely revered as the “Father of Black Nationalism.” Although Delany is well regarded

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Frederick Douglass, institution of slavery, and his pursuit of freedom, justice, and equality for all makes him a respected figure. His stance against the colonization/emigration movement whereby free Blacks would leave for Liberia and/or other areas of Africa, thereby leaving the soil of the United States, was less a

Microaneurysm

Marcus Mosiah Garvey,e socio-political scene epitomized by White supremacy, White privilege, and racism in the United States was reminiscent of Moses’ arrival in Egypt with the mandate to Pharaoh to “l(fā)et my people go.” The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) founded by Garvey was a symbol of Black pride, inte

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