Titlebook: Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease; Contemporary Managem Sachinder Singh Hans Book 20181st edition The Editor(s) (if applica

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33341-6s, high plaque can be diagnosed by CT angiography of the neck. Distal exposure of the internal carotid artery is facilitated by division of sternocleidomastoid branch of occipital or occipital artery itself and division of post belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscle. Mandibular subluxation to obta

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Gabriella Castelli,Franco ZambonelliWhile the need for vertebral artery reconstruction is uncommon, indications for surgical or endovascular intervention should be recognized. Open surgical reconstruction is favored. Technical aspects of the most common surgical proximal and distal reconstruction options as well as techniques for endovascular intervention are described.

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Vertebral Artery Reconstruction,While the need for vertebral artery reconstruction is uncommon, indications for surgical or endovascular intervention should be recognized. Open surgical reconstruction is favored. Technical aspects of the most common surgical proximal and distal reconstruction options as well as techniques for endovascular intervention are described.