Titlebook: Experimenting with Organizational Life; The Action Research Alfred W. Clark Book 1976 Tavistock Institute of Human Relations 1976 Action.A

depreciate

Whatever Happened to Action Research?ledge of the effects of experiences upon development, as a basis for changes in policies and organizations, “clearly points to an emphasis on action programs and action research as fundamental tools of the social scientist” (Deutsch, 1969, pp. 14–15).

積習已深

Sanction: A Critical Element in Action Researchcularly as they were ex-posed to conflicting messages from powerful figures. For instance, often words implied approval, whereas action implied otherwise. Caught in this double bind, pivotal members first vacillated, then withdrew their participation and support. The practitioners’ position became untenable and the program collapsed.

MENT

oxidize

高深莫測

The impact of grazing on plant communitiesach fresh step, in conjunction with environmental factors, provides the starting point for the next. There is no finality. The need is to develop a capability, not a product. This strengthening capability has to exist simultaneously at the individual, organizational, and societal levels.

Halfhearted

essential-fats

終止

Vo2-Max

Bucket