Titlebook: Experimental low-temperature physics; Anthony Kent Textbook 1993Latest edition Anthony Kent 1993 experiment.laser.low temperature.low temp

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Introduction,eryone has an opinion on the matter. Most would describe the inside of a domestic food freezer as being at a rather low temperature. However, an inhabitant of the polar regions would probably find it nothing out of the ordinary. The point is that there is really no absolute answer to this question a

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Properties of solids at low temperatures,ieved, or how the experiments to determine those properties are performed. However, knowing the physical properties of the substances used in the attainment of low temperatures is central to the understanding of how the cooling processes work. It’s a question of what comes first—the chicken or the e

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Reaching low temperatures, stage 1: 4He cryogenic systems, 300-1K,ieving such temperatures can, with care, be used to reach temperatures as low as 0.3 K. Cooling to temperatures of this order is a necessary first stage to achieving much lower temperatures, using the techniques described in the following chapters.

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Thermometry,an be compared with the appropriate theoretical models. Thermometers have some property, preferably one that is easily measured, which changes with temperature in a known or predictable way. The basic requirements for thermometers, the need for good thermal contact to the apparatus or sample under i

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Experimental techniques, hints and tips,taking the trouble to do this. Firstly, additional information regarding the temperature dependence of physical properties can be obtained. The new information can be compared with theoretical models which may, in some cases, be simplified in the absence of strong thermal disordering. Secondly, cert

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Geneviève Parent,Sophie Lavalléeieving such temperatures can, with care, be used to reach temperatures as low as 0.3 K. Cooling to temperatures of this order is a necessary first stage to achieving much lower temperatures, using the techniques described in the following chapters.