Titlebook: Experimental Innovations in Surface Science; A Guide to Practical John T. Yates Jr. Book 2015Latest edition Springer International Publishi

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61801-7Metal tips are required in field electron and field ion microscopy, as well as in scanning tunneling microscopy. One method for preparing such tips is to use zone electropolishing while viewing the process under an optical microscope (Melmed and Carroll in J Vac Sci Technol A2:1388, .; Lemke et al in Rev Sci Instrum 61:2538, .).

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BakeoutThe removal of adsorbed impurities from the walls of an ultrahigh, vacuum system is carried out by heating the walls uniformly while pumping the system. Generally, for stainless steel systems this is done in the temperature range 150–200?°C.

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Gasket SealsThe primary ultrahigh vacuum flange design used universally is the stainless steel Conflat sexless flange, which operates with two opposed knife edges that seal a metallic gasket by deformation when the flange is tightened.

Acetabulum

Leak Repairs and DetectionHe-leak checking is commonly used, either in the shop with a portable leak detector, or in the laboratory where a mass spectrometer inside the vacuum system is used for detection. A common problem involves the detection of a small leak at some point, where subsequent investigation will show that there is really no leak at that point.

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