Titlebook: Exosomes and MicroRNAs in Biomedical Science; Hamed Mirzaei,Neda Rahimian,Michael R. Hamblin Book 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022

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1930-0328 s in length that are responsible for regulating many cellular functions by affecting a wide range of messenger RNAs in a sequence specific manner. Fundamental biological processes like cell proliferation and growth, stress resistance, tumorigenesis, fat metabolism, and neural development have all be

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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers,uids and tissues. This definition has been expanded to cover any biological process that can be measured and assessed objectively, as an indicator of the presence of a disease, its state of progression, or its response to treatment [1, 2]. According to the National Cancer Institute, biomarkers are d

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Exosomes,ids, nucleotides, proteins, or short peptides. These molecules are released into the extracellular space by the cells, and then bind to their receptors on other cells and induce intra-cellular signaling, in order to alter the physiological state of the recipient cells. Moreover, eukaryotic cells rel

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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers,) [7, 8]. In addition, biomarkers are affected by alterations in gene expression profiles, and proteomic or metabolomic signatures. Furthermore, many biomarkers can be detected in the circulation (plasma, whole blood, or serum), or in excretions or secretions (stool, urine, sputum, or nipple dischar

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Exosomes,les (EVs) is now becoming common. These membrane vesicles can be specific to the organs from which they originate, or else can just contain cell debris or markers of cell death [1]. The potential role of EVs as intercellular messengers is a scientific hypothesis that has attracted much attention dur

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Book 2022esponse associated genes. Therefore, it is possible to profile the expression levels of miRNAs as biomarkers, in order to diagnose cancer and noncancerous diseases. Moreover, cancer detection in the early stages is crucial in clinical situations. Characterization of miRNAs in serum, plasma, and othe