Titlebook: Evidence-Based Cosmetic Breast Surgery; Eric Swanson Book 2017 Springer International Publishing AG 2017 cosmetic surgery.plastic surgery.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4526-5ated in bodybuilders. Gynecomastia can start with puberty, resolving on its own in most cases, or develop in older men as the balance of circulating testosterone and estrogens shifts toward estrogens..Ultrasound or power-assisted liposuction is advantageous in removing fatty tissue from the breast.

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978-3-319-85285-0Springer International Publishing AG 2017

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Evidence-Based Medicine,crutiny to establish validity. Without measurements, there is no means to test the effectiveness of surgical methods..Existing level of evidence scales benefit from modification to include important methodological considerations. Randomization is impractical for elective surgery. However, well-done

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A Measurement System and Ideal Breast Shape,definition of these entities and no standardized system for measurements. One-dimensional methods (e.g., tape measurements) are too simple and three-dimensional imaging is too complicated for general use. The nipple is not a suitable marker for measuring glandular ptosis because its position may not

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Breast Augmentation,ttoming out or the dreaded double-bubble deformity. A trans-areola incision may be used to simultaneously correct inverted or protruding nipples. Finger dissection preserves the lateral intercostal nerve branches to the nipples. Subpectoral implant placement is preferred for optimal upper pole appea

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Complications of Breast Augmentation, contracture. However, there are problems with a purely infectious etiology. Positive and negative bacterial cultures from implants and capsules have been obtained from women with and without capsular contractures. If an infected capsule were the cause of contracture, capsular preservation would vir

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The Myth of Breast Autoaugmentation,t these efforts are effective. A recurring concept is “autoaugmentation,” a technique of repositioning a glandular pedicle in an attempt to restore fullness to the upper pole of the breast. In one technique, a parenchymal flap is tunneled through a loop of pectoralis muscle. The authors claim that t