Titlebook: European Portugal; The Difficult Road t José M. Magone Book 1997 José M. Magone 1997 democracy.democratization.desegregation.European Union

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,Digitale Pr?vention im Bau-Handwerk,m and xenophobia. Alcindo Monteiro, who originated from Cape Verde, was only one of the eighteen victims of the assault launched by fifty skinheads in the Bairro Alto; another victim died some days later.

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The Local Political System,l and the Atlantic islands of Madeira and the Azores. Part of the scarce human and material resources were used to hold the vast empire together, and most of the remainder went to the coastal fringe of continental Portugal.

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Book 1997ion. It pursues the thesis that democratization and Europeanization are two intertwined processes in the case of Portugal. Integration into the European Union has changed considerably the rationalities within the political structures of the Portuguese political system. Furthermore, the author stress

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The Local Political System,ntre’s need to increase its revenues and this continued into the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The stagnation of local government and development until the twentieth century prevented economic, social and political modernisation from being diffused to the peripheral areas of continental Portuga

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Interest Groups, the working masses. On the contrary, the state was quite inimical to the working class. In the First Republic the small number of workers and the large, rather lethargic rural population made it possible for the state not to attempt to integrate the working class into the political system. By contr

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The Implementation of Public Policies,rocess have been quite rare. This is astonishing because long-term policies are an important device with which to build up the social and economic conditions for a strong and sustainable democracy. This can be only achieved in a stable institutional setting that stresses continuity and the increment

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The Emergence of Civil Society,civil society to sustain the emerging democracy (Lipset, 1994; Schmitter, 1993; Perez-Diaz, 1993; Furlong, 1993). In this regard structure and culture shape each other. The structuring of a democratic culture can be only successful if institutions and policy processes are based on a democratic ratio

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