Titlebook: Europe in the Sixteenth Century; David Maland Textbook 1982Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1982 Europe.sixteenth century.succe

輕快帶來危險

,International Conflict 1450–1520,at another the northern provinces, but in the final outcome the revival of French power — traditionally associated with the inspiration of Jeanne d’Arc — deprived them of all their territories save Calais. There was, however, a third party to the conflict, the Duchy of Burgundy, whose intervention f

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Protestantism and the Counter-reformation,uthority capable of enforcing a religious settlement uniformly among the separate cantons. Moreover, the cantons differed greatly in their character and outlook. Zurich, Berne and Basle were relatively prosperous city-states, in complete contrast to the forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz, Unterwaiden, Zu

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Eastern Europe and the Baltic,to the Black Sea. As the two states shared a common frontier and were ruled by members of the same family, the Jagiellos, they had agreed in 1413 to work more closely together, but no common institutions had yet been evolved to bring coherence to the government of so vast an area. The principality o

Agnosia

,France 1515–98,emperament inclined them to live lavishly in the public eye, and their inclinations were reinforced by a profound desire to conform to popularly accepted notions of royal behaviour. They quizzed their ambassadors about the physical appearance and athletic prowess of their international rivals, Charl

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,The Habsburgs in Europe, 1555–1600, found it difficult to regard him as anything but a dangerous tyrant who came perilously close to destroying their liberties. Spaniards, however, have acclaimed him as ., the king of their country’s Golden Age. Moreover, while Protestants and liberals still tend to see him as a reactionary bigot, th