Titlebook: Europe and the Politics of Language; Citizens, Migrants a Máiréad Nic Craith Book 2006 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishe

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The Quest for Recognition: Contested Languages,o the status of dialect. This chapter focuses on forms of communication whose linguistic status is or has been disputed in the recent past. In many of the examples explored here, speakers have little aspiration to establish a separate nation state — a fact which may actually hinder rather than help their case for language status.

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Book 2006cial, regional and disputed languages in an ever-changing European context. Broad policy issues and the performance of the range of instruments of policy at local, national and European levels are illustrated with reference to case studies across Europe.

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2947-5880 dy of official, regional and disputed languages in an ever-changing European context. Broad policy issues and the performance of the range of instruments of policy at local, national and European levels are illustrated with reference to case studies across Europe.978-1-349-51415-1978-0-230-50189-8Series ISSN 2947-5880 Series E-ISSN 2947-5899

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Die Reduzierbarkeit von Eisenerzen official, working language of the EU. Theoretically at least, national languages of member states have equal and significant status within the EU although reality does not always match the rhetoric and a small number of official languages have gained primary working status.

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Die Reduzierung des Bullwhip-Effektesate borders generated new national minorities (Kockel 1999: 265). For example, the Danish minority in Schleswig-Holstein was created by changes in the border between Denmark and Germany rather than by any movement of the people.

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Europe: Discourses of Inclusion/Exclusion,Italy to the south, the Balkans to the east and Scandinavia to the north. Geographically Europe also extends to the islands of Ireland, Britain, Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. Surrounding seas form part of geographical Europe. The Mediterranean Basin along with its subsidiary seas lies to the south o

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持久

European Elites: Official Languages in the EU,ate and demarcate significant cultural and social differences for the present (Hannerz 1996). Indeed the link between official language and nation state is effectively endorsed by EU institutions. When a nation state joins the Union, its official language is (with few exceptions) given the status of

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Languages across Borders,‘They found themselves excluded from the state level, in particular from general education’ (Extra and Yagmur 2002: 19). New political boundaries divided medieval empires and long-established language communities. Physical movement of population did not necessarily occur, but the change in nation-st