Titlebook: Essentials of Radiofrequency Ablation of the Spine and Joints; Timothy R. Deer,Nomen Azeem Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The

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History and Development of Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Pain is an established treatment for chronic pain that was first utilized in the 1930s. As the field of pain management has further developed and evolved, so has the adoption of RFA in the treatment of pain sources including the spine, peripheral joints, and facial pain. As we continue to gather evidenc

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Monopolar Versus Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablationhough these two methods both utilize a magnetic field that is produced by a RF generator in order to lesion a neural target, they differ in both equipment required and their respective ability to enhance lesion size. The size of the RF lesion may impact both the efficacy and safety of the radiofrequ

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Cervical Spinea degeneration, inflammation, and hypertrophy of the cervical facet joints. The cumulative findings from history, physical examination, and radiologic assessment may better help identify patient’s candidacy for the treatment of cervical facet joints. Appropriate knowledge of the neuroanatomy allows

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Thoracic Spinettributed to the involvement of the thoracic zygapophysial joint in approximately 50% of patients. As with their cervical and lumbar counterparts, sensory signals from the thoracic zygapophyseal joints are relayed through nerve endings that converge in the medial branches of the primary posterior ra

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Lumbar Spine the spine. Each level of the lumbar spine exhibits a functional three-component complex consisting of an anterior intervertebral disc with paired facet joints providing bony articulations posteriorly. Working congruously with the intervertebral discs, the facet joints provide both flexibility and r

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Spinal Metastasis and Spinal Tumorsroup when the neoplastic process invades the bone and/or causes a fracture. Patients with spinal metastatic disease most often have a short life expectancy, so therapies that are minimally invasive and highly effective are the most preferred treatment strategies. In addition to standard treatments s