Titlebook: Environmental Policy and Market Structure; Carlo Carraro,Yiannis Katsoulacos,Anastasios Xepap Book 1996 Springer Science+Business Media B.

Gudgeon

Innovation under the threat of stricter environmental standardsear, Germany’s automobile manufacturers, in particular Volkswagen, ran to establish efficient disassembly systems [Schmidheiny (1992)].. This paper therefore examines the transition process towards new environmental standards and the innovation effort of a monopolist threatened by a change of environmental regulation.

進取心

SCORE

衰老

Environmental policy and the choice of production technologyut and to raise prices., thus reducing consumers’ surplus and possibly employment (this latter effect depends on the degree of substitutability of production factors, on the degree of competitiveness of the labour market, and on the way in which the tax is recycled; these issues are analyzed in Carraro-Galeotti-Gallo, 1994).

增強

Emission taxes and market structureting environmental externalities. Emission taxes internalize the external damages associated with polluting activities. The internalization is complete when the fees equal the marginal external damages of pollution, such as in the case of Pigouvian taxes. It has been shown, however, that the sociall

LITHE

Environmental taxation, market share, and profits in oligopolynd other variables under their control. These price-induced effects are well known in economics. Therefore, it could be argued that economic theory has already provided the analytical tools to assess the impact of environmental taxation on a given industry. As the recent literature has shown, this i

Gorilla

Naive use of environmental instrumentsnty, complete information, and perfect competition, Pigouvian taxes and standards are equivalent. Furthermore, the optimal tax should be equal to marginal damage. Of course this solution to the problem of internalizing externalities is too simple if confronted with reality. Rather quickly economists

diabetes

Optimal environmental policy for oligopolistic industries under intra-industry tradeve multiplied, environmental issues have played an increasing role in trade negotiations. Negotiating environmental regulations mutilaterally is especially problematic because of differences in preferences, in income levels or in production cost across countries. In addition, environmental considera

吹牛大王

Choosing emission taxes under international price competitiont expenditures are likely to affect production costs and prices of many products will increase, especially for those products that involve a relatively pollution intensive production process. The result of an enforcement of the national environmental policy will be the loss in international competit

南極