Titlebook: Environmental Geoinformatics; Monitoring and Manag Joseph L. Awange,John B. Kyalo Kiema Book 20131st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelb

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GIS Databaseontained in the database. A spatial database is defined as a pool of integrated and structured geospatial data, which is a model of reality, and from which data may be retrieved to provide useful information to users. Hence, a spatial database is comprised of inter-related geospatial data that is ma

ostensible

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Maps in Environmental Monitoringplane surface. Unlike images that model reality at an iconic level of representation, maps accomplish the same at a symbolic level. Maps are important communication, navigation and decision support tools. They also serve as mechanisms for both storage and communication of spatial data and informatio

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Input of GIS Datand secondly, for cost effectiveness, accepting the minimum data quality that will get the specific GIS job to be successfully accomplished. Moreover, where geospatial data needs to be integrated, it is important that the various sources be critically examined for compatibility.

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Web GIS and Mappinges with access by a limited number of expert users. Now, with the integrated use of the web, not just geospatial data, but also the functionality of GIS can be accessed globally by citizens and non-experts.