Titlebook: Elusive Phenomena, Unwieldy Things; Historical Perspecti Jutta Schickore,William R. Newman Book‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2024 The Editor(s) (if applicable)

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Judith Lohner,Irene Neverla,Sandra Banjacces to stabilize and standardize experimental conditions. The second is the emergence and career of the comparative design in experimentation, understood as a way of generating and securing knowledge of cause-effect relations. The third involves the unfolding, both in philosophy of science and in th

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Conclusion: Looking Forward, Looking Back,n both conceived and practiced as more or less rigorous and more or less strictly controlled in its various steps. Rigor and control might appear on many levels, such as conceiving and performing the experiment or drawing conclusions from its outcomes. They secure or enhance the reliability of the i

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Marketing and Public Relations,populations and applying statistics to these. This chapter proposes an additional lineage in the reduction of variation among the members of two paired groups in philosopher Carl Stumpf’s experimental psychology. His method of comparing the conditions of judgment in these groups is traced to three s

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Einar Thorsen,Daniel Jackson,Ann Lucement of new methodological principles. Many botanists were deeply concerned with making observations accurate, experimental design meaningful, and inferences safe—in other words, they struggled to define “control strategies” and implement “control practices.” This essay specifically examines the wor

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Einar Thorsen,Heather Savigny,Daniel Jacksonphenomenon of Brownian movement. It argues that there was an extensive and sophisticated experimental work done on the phenomenon throughout the nineteenth century. Investigators followed as rigorously as possible the methodological standards of their time to make causal claims and advance causal ex

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https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230622135 and in contrast to mathematicians, physicists could proceed in their investigations without seeking absolute rigor. In his experimental practice, pursuing rigor involved the application of control strategies, which pervaded his work at various levels. Moreover, experimental control had various aims

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