Titlebook: Elizabeth‘s Wars; War, Government and Paul E. J. Hammer Textbook 2003Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2003 E

不近人情

https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59837-0f war and anxious about the prospects of further conflict. Although fighting had been suspended and peace talks had begun, England was still technically at war with France. Its relationship with Philip II of Spain — the realm’s king-consort until Mary’s death and sovereign of a vast agglomeration of

簡(jiǎn)潔

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1970-0 early 1570s. Most immediately, a new programme of warship construction was initiated. The . was launched in 1570, the ., ., . and . in 1573 and the . and . in 1576–77. The old . and . (both originally built in 1546) were also extensively rebuilt in 1570. In comparison with the major warships built

巨碩

https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137503381ver 3400 English troops at Utrecht, while 600 more occupied the key port of Ostend. Shortly afterwards, the queen’s soldiers began garrisoning the ‘cautionary towns’ of Flushing and Brielle. Another 3000 English ‘volunteers’ also served in the States’ pay. If these deployments were not sufficient to

骨

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失望未來

Materializing Colonial Encountersffectiveness, financial constraints and the need to maintain domestic political stability. This balancing act was made especially difficult for Elizabeth by the disastrous effects of Henry VIII’s two-front war against France and Scotland in the 1540s and the revival of hostilities during the reigns

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FOVEA

妨礙

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