Titlebook: Elementary Statistical Methods; Sahana Prasad Textbook 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Sp

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5atistical analysis tool, which draws conclusion about a given population value, association of variables and significance testing. There are two types of hypothesis, the null and alternate hypotheses. In addition, we have to understand the concepts of errors, level of significance, power of a test and others to make use of this concept.

PARA

Basic Concepts in Research and Data Analysis,l tools and statistical methodologies to decode the nuances of the data. Data is the new buzzword as there is a lot of data which helps in taking correct decisions and make quality policies. It has brought new challenges as expertise and domain knowledge is required to understand the data and apply

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Measures of Central Tendencies,ny data set, there is a tendency of data points to cluster around a central value, and this tendency is called central tendency. It is a statistical tool that defines/describes the entire data set in one single value as well as compares different data sets. The data can further be analysed using mea

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Probability and Distributions,certainty. If we throw a ball from a height and there is nothing to stop the ball midway, it will surely fall to the ground. There is no uncertainty here. But think of a dart thrown at a board. It might strike anywhere. An experiment can be deterministic or random. In a deterministic experiment, the

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Hypothesis Testing,conclusions based on sample to the population and also test if any changes in the sample statistics are significant or due to sheer chance. It is a statistical analysis tool, which draws conclusion about a given population value, association of variables and significance testing. There are two types

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Correlation and Regression, answers three questions—is there a relationship, what is the strength of relationship and direction of the relationship? Regression expresses this relationship in a mathematical form so that the equation can be used for predicting other values. However correlation does not deal with causation, that

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Probability and Distributions,ution, which is defined by statistical concepts like mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, etc. They are defined by a mathematical function which is used to estimate various probabilities. Normal distribution is the most important and used distribution, which has applications in many areas.

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Visual Bearing-Only Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with Improved Feature Matchingd features, we apply a global optimization algorithm. Experimental results obtained with a real robot show that our approach is robust and tolerant to noise in the odometry information of the robot. Furthermore, we present experiments that demonstrate the superior performance of our feature matching technique compared to other approaches.

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