Titlebook: Electronic Value Exchange; Origins of the VISA David L. Stearns Book 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Credit Cards.Dee Hock.Paymen

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Conclusions: Toward a General Sociotechnical History of Payment Systems,In this final chapter, I summarize the narrative, discuss ways in which the case informs two grand themes from the history of technology, and offer two new dynamics that I believe may apply to the study of other payment systems or transactional networks in general.

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Crafting the Social Dynamics: Staffing, Operating Regulations, and Advertising,verall NBI association; and the cardholding public. I?introduce a number of key employees who appear throughout the narrative, analyze the role of the operating regulations, and discuss NBI’s early national advertising campaigns.

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Cpap155

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02188-7icensing system of the late 1960s, arguing that its problems could not have been solved solely by the application of new technology, as it was also suffering from serious organizational issues. I then introduce Visa’s founder, Dee Ward Hock, and describe how his own personal philosophy shaped the de

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完全

,Die Schulgründerin — Lotte Kaliski,technological, and I argue that the two must be kept in a dynamic tension in order to understand this period fully. Organizational topics include the formation of the international organization; anti-trust battles and the institution of “duality”; and the adoption of the name “Visa.” Technological t

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3612-6(EFT) in the 1970s. Visa’s first debit card was introduced in 1975, yet the member banks did not widely issue it until the 1990s. I argue that this had more to do with a technological and cooperative mismatch between Visa’s debit card and the various EFT plans being formulated by the member banks th

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