Titlebook: Electron Holography; Akira Tonomura Book 19931st edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 Aharanov-Bohm effect.Holography.electron h

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Electron Holography978-3-662-13913-4Series ISSN 0342-4111 Series E-ISSN 1556-1534

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Guido Massi M.D.,Philip E. Leboit M.D.This chapter briefly introduces electron optics, emphasizing those aspects that are important for holography.

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Introduction,tical image by illuminating the hologram with a laser beam. In this process, electron wave fronts are transformed into optical wave fronts. Images of microscopic objects and fields that are so small that they can be observed only by using an electron beam with an extremely short wavelength are enlar

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Historical Development of Electron Holography,vergent spherical wave from a point focus close to the object (Fig.4.1). This kind of hologram is a highly magnified projected interference pattern between the object and the transmitted waves. No lenses are necessary, but this method requires a very small electron point focus. The diameter of the f

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Aharonov-Bohm Effect: The Principle Behind the Interaction of Electrons with Electromagnetic Fieldsd as follows: In classical electrodynamics, potentials are merely a convenient mathematical tool for calculations concerning electromagnetic fields. The fundamental equations can always be formulated using these fields. However, in quantum mechanics potentials cannot be eliminated from the Schr?ding