Titlebook: Elections before Democracy: The History of Elections in Europe and Latin America; Eduardo Posada-Carbó (Lecturer of History) Book 1996 Ins

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,The Culture of Elections in England: From the Glorious Revolution to the First World War, 1688–1914olitical system. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries parliament was dissolved and elections held at the personal whim and political convenience of the monarch. The management of parliament was essential to effective royal government. To avoid opposition in parliament monarchs would simply try

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The Electoral Reforms of 1861 in Ecuador and the Rise of a New Political Order,accountable’.. It was only in 1978, however, that the seventeenth constitution of the country abolished the literacy requirement, thus permitting the bulk of the Ecuadorean population to elect governments which were, in principle at least, truly popular, representative, alternative and accountable.

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Clerical Election Influence and Communal Solidarity: Catholic Political Culture in the German Empirs. Hergenr?ther was no liberal. His defence of papal infallibility in 1870 would soon gain him notoriety. Yet in his discussion of the propriety of clerical participation in electoral politics, Hergenr?ther proved to be anything but an ultramontane hotspur. He pointed frankly to the pitfalls of both

歡樂東方

,The Role of the Church, The Army and the Police in Colombian Elections, c. 1850–1930,has persistent problems of public order. These themes are beginning to attract more patient attention from some historians primarily interested in the history of the republic, but they also provide material for reflections that perhaps have wider implications. This chapter will explore the electoral

Malaise

,Fraud and the Passivity of the Electorate in Spain, 1875–1923,ant and specific characteristics: fraud, particularly the falsification of electoral results. It first indicates the broad historiographic consensus over the extent and importance of electoral fraud. Then it analyses the mechanisms which allowed results to be rigged. Finally, a review is made of the

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