Titlebook: Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments; Enrique Murgui,Marcus Hedblom Book 2017 Springer International Publishing AG 2017

領(lǐng)導權(quán)

CRACK

Mechanisms of Behavioural Change in Urban Animals: The Role of Microevolution and Phenotypic Plasticramatic changes in our planet that have affected the way many animals behave. In order to live in cities, most animals are forced to adjust their behaviour and life histories to the new urban habitat. While growing evidence reports behavioural differences between rural and urban conspecifics as comm

foodstuff

The Role of Landscape-Scale Factors in Shaping Urban Bird Communitiescupy urban habitats and how they behave and reproduce once they are there. However, landscape-scale factors also play a major role in the shaping of urban bird communities. Most commonly, these are elements of the landscape for which heterogeneity can be meaningfully measured at scales of 500–2500?m

額外的事

包租車船

Counting Birds in Urban Areas: A Review of Methods for the Estimation of Abundanceonmental change, and estimating vital rates to model population dynamics. Because estimates need to be reasonably accurate and precise, considerable thought has gone into developing counting techniques that enable robust estimation of abundance, taking into account probability of detection, which ca

maroon

overweight

Pollutants in Urbanized Areas: Direct and Indirect Effects on Bird Populationsvated levels of various chemical compounds in our environment. Especially in urbanized areas, harmful substances are produced in such quantities that they can have a deleterious effect on the development, survival, and reproduction of organisms. Many bird species have adapted to living alongside wit

不法行為

Ecological Effects of Light Pollution: How Can We Improve Our Understanding Using Light Loggers on I on this topic, there is still surprisingly little knowledge on the levels of artificial light at night that wild animals really experience. I made use of miniature light loggers attached to individual free-living European blackbirds (.) to measure the light intensity to which these birds are expose

Aggrandize

Human Initiation of Synurbic Populations of Waterfowl, Raptors, Pigeons and Cage Birdsdifferent and probable, though not rare, course of events, when some urban bird populations emerge with immediate human support, by intentional introductions or escape from captivity. This alternate mechanism may be responsible for settling the very first colonizers directly into a strongly urbanize

LAY