Titlebook: Drugs of Abuse, Immunity, and AIDS; Herman Friedman,Thomas W. Klein,Steven Specter Book 1993 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(

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0065-2598 pects of drugs of abuse and immunity, especially immunodeficiencies. In this regard, advances have been made in recent years concerning the nature and mechanism978-1-4613-6297-5978-1-4615-2980-4Series ISSN 0065-2598 Series E-ISSN 2214-8019

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Stress, the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, and Immune Function, influence the immune system has been the focus of intense study. One of the most important pathways is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (1, 2). It has been known for some time that glucocorticoids, the final product of HPA axis activation, have a wide range of effects on immune and inf

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Opioids, Receptors, and Immunity,ith producing these so-called desirable effects, however, the drugs produce many other effects. These may be due to indirect actions resulting from the fact that all systems interact, or they may be due to the presence of specific receptors for a particular drug in many parts of the body. Receptors

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Effects of Opioids on Proliferation of Mature and Immature Immune Cells,dicts suffer from an increased incidence of a variety of infectious diseases (1), as well as alterations in a number of immune parameters. A variety of changes in the immune system has also been observed following administration of opioids to laboratory animals (for review, see (2). However, almost

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Immunosuppressive Effects of Morphine on Immune Responses in Mice,4). In particular, endogenous opioids have been shown to have significant immunomodulatory effects (5–8). There is evidence that immune cells have opioid receptors (9–12) and can secrete opioids and other hormones that are part of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis (12–15). The studies presente

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Morphine Binding Sites on Human T Lymphocytes,ta have suggested that opiates are potent modulators of immune status or function. This quandary has been partially resolved by the demonstration of non-classic opiate binding sites or situational binding sites on cellular elements of the immune system. These sites appear to be highly ligand specifi