Titlebook: Dollars Deficits & Trade; James A. Dorn,William A. Niskanen Book 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York 1989 economic policy.econom

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Toward an International Commodity Standard?f century, countries have been urged to link their currencies by more or less rigid formulae to a variety of commodity baskets, with contents varying from one (gold) to several dozen commodities, and even beyond to an index of prices of goods and services, with varying intermediate combinations. Usu

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An International Gold Standard without Goldly mobile? The workings of the international gold standard from the late 1870s to August 1914 provide the best example we have. Unlike the Bretton Woods system of pegged exchange rates in the 1950s and 1960s, or the residual controls of today’s European Monetary System, no exchange controls impeded

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Trade and Investment under Floating Rates: The U.S. Experiencenge rates. These movements have been accompanied by large swings in real exchange rates, reflecting the fact that nominal exchange rate variations have not closely followed changes in relative prices of traded goods. The short-run variability of exchange rates — whether measured in real or nominal t

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The Uneasy Relation between the Budget and Trade Deficitsnusually high during the past several years. Our professional perception of this relation is based on the combination of an accounting identity and a plausible hypothesis about the chain of effects that might lead an increased budget deficit to increase the trade deficit.

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Bootstrap Methods for?Fuzzy Dataa world in which the purchasing power of national currencies depends primarily on the discretion of central bankers and ultimately on the politicians they serve. Other characteristics of the post-Bretton Woods landscape include floating exchange rates for the dollar and other key currencies; wide sw