Titlebook: Digital Orthopedics; Guoxian Pei Book 2018 Springer Nature B.V. and People‘s Medical Publishing House 2018 3D reconstruction.Reverse engin

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Augmented Reality for Digital Orthopedic Applicationshe most common forms of osteoporotic fractures, renders the patient completely disabled. With the increase in life expectancy, the demand for better healthcare to ensure a better life quality for older people has grown. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has presented itself as one of the major evolut

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Computer-Assisted Orthopedic Surgeryrating the surgical instruments into the digitized image background. CAOS is originated in framework system at early stage and has experienced an enormous and rapid development since the invention of computer and the revolutionary progresses of other related field technologies in the 1990s. Accordin

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Robot-Assisted Orthopedic Surgeryrol, in which the physician fails or even cannot perform surgeries. Therefore, since the 1880s, many scholars focused on the basic researches to advanced robotics technology and attempted to apply it in orthopedic surgeries.

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Rousseau in Thai Constitutionalismm computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc.), image processing (including segmentation and registration) is conducted through the preoperative planning software. Then, modeling of the critical anatomical structures is realized for 3D visualization. Based on the series of 2D

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8697-6urgeon from moving past a predefined zoon, such as surgical robot systems. Passive navigation systems provide intraoperative information, which is displayed on a monitor, but the surgeon is free to make any decisions he or she deems necessary, such as CT- or fluoroscopy-based systems. Currently, CAO