Titlebook: Diffuse Matter in Galaxies; Cargèse 1982 J. Audouze,J. Lequeux,A. Vidal-Madjar Book 1983 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland 1

synchronous

假

串通

Grundlagen des Metallrecyclings, line formation, condensation and destruction of grains, thermal exchanges, hydrodynamic phenomena (including shocks), etc. The domain of interstellar studies is thus a carrefour of astrophysics and physics: this explains why it is presently one of the most active parts of astronomy.

CANT

Joseph Seckbach,David J. Chapmanl gas on the evolution of the galactic disk, the use of planetary nebulae to try to deduce the rate of star formation for low mass stars etc… are reviewed. Finally the future of the studies concerning the nucleosynthesis and the chemical evolution galaxies is discussed.

innovation

Allure

allude

Supernovae and Supernova Remnants, large that these explosions provide the dominant energy for the heating of the hot (T ? 10. K) IS component and for the kinetic energy of the large scale motions of the interstellar clouds. In addition, the ejected matter of supernovae is the main source of the chemical pollution of the IS medium.

inflate

Interstellar Helium and Deuterium,t elements in the universe. For both elements the different observational methods used in the interstellar medium are mentioned and the most precise ones described in more details. A discussion of the results in comparison with current theories shows that many more observations are needed. Typical f

faucet

Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies,s : the primordial nucleosynthesis occurring just after the Big Bang, responsible for the formation of D, .He,. He and at least in part .Li; the bombardment of the interstellar medium by galactic cosmic rays responsible for the formation of the bulk of the Li, Be, B elements; and the stellar nucleos

insidious

Dynamics and Energetics of the Interstellar Medium,s given. Then, basic phenomena are presented: radiative losses, shocks, ionization fronts, and electron thermal conduction. These tools and building blocks are then applied to model idealized versions of localized dynamical situations in the diffuse interstellar medium. Some observational constraint