Titlebook: Determinants of Innovation; Alfred Kleinknecht (Professor of Industrial Econom Book 1996 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publi

BURSA

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37007-9 is the contribution of technological networking to innovation performance? Such questions have frequently been raised by industrial economists, but good empirical investigations have remained sparse, mainly due to lack of adequate innovation data (see the surveys by Kamien and Schwartz, 1982, or Baldwin and Scott, 1987).

讓步

我吃花盤(pán)旋

Characterizations of ,-Convex Functionsxpenditure records in traditional R&D statistics. Based on the Dutch innovation survey in 1984, Kleinknecht (1989) found the largest R&D intensities in small firms. Moreover, standard R&D statistics are affected by a severe undercounting of R&D in small firms (see, for example, Kleinknecht, Poot and Reijnen, 1991).

Choreography

Factors Determining R&D and Innovation Expenditure in German Manufacturing Industries,xpenditure records in traditional R&D statistics. Based on the Dutch innovation survey in 1984, Kleinknecht (1989) found the largest R&D intensities in small firms. Moreover, standard R&D statistics are affected by a severe undercounting of R&D in small firms (see, for example, Kleinknecht, Poot and Reijnen, 1991).

破譯密碼

progestogen

BRIDE

New Indicators and Determinants of Innovation: An Introduction,llegations realistic that, in modern capitalism, innovation is mainly a matter of large, oligopolistic firms? Does a firm’s regional environment matter for innovation performance? What about Jacob Schmookler’s (1966) proposition that innovation is a function of effective demand (‘demand-pull’)? What

Certainty

相信

教唆

Determinants of Innovation: A Microeconometric Analysis of Three Alternative Innovation Output Indiof the innovation process. Three of these new output indicators will be analyzed in this chapter, using data from The Netherlands. These indicators consist of:.While products new to the sector may be conceived of as being ‘true’ innovations, products new to the firm will often be based on imitation