Titlebook: Decision Making Under Uncertainty, with a Special Emphasis on Geosciences and Education; Laxman Bokati,Vladik Kreinovich Book 2023 The Edi

混合,攙雜

Iain T. Adamson BSc, MSc, AM, PhDt the alternative with the largest gain. In practice, instead, we make a random choice, with probability decreasing with the gain—so that it is possible that we will select second highest and even third highest value. Specifically, we use the so-called softmax formula. Interestingly, the same formul

intelligible

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70239-6ccording to the traditional economics, the price that a person is willing to pay for an item should be uniquely determined by the value that this person will get from this item, it should not depend, e.g., on the asking price proposed by the seller. In reality, the price that a person is willing to

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Data Teamsn many other application areas, we encounter two types of situations. In some cases, we have a small number of observations; in this case, it is important to extract as much information from these observations as possible. In other cases, we have a large number of observations—in such cases, we need

猛擊

reflection

Benzodiazepines

Undergraduate Topics in Computer ScienceTraditional decision theory (see, e.g., [.,.,.,.,.]) describes preferences of rational agents.

終止

Epidural-Space

洞察力

Undergraduate Topics in Computer ScienceAnother consequence of the fact that people have only approximate estimates of economics-related quantities is that different people come up with different prices for the same item.

蚊帳

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12561-5Instead of eliciting the accurate values, people make decisions based on clusters containing the actual values. It is known that, in general, people classify objects into 5 to 9 clusters—this is known as the . law. In this chapter, we provide a possible simple geometric explanation for this psychological feature.