Titlebook: Data Assimilation for the Earth System; Richard Swinbank,Victor Shutyaev,William Albert La Conference proceedings 2003 Springer Science+Bu

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Digital Filter Initialization,ng of numerical weather prediction. The most popular method of initialization up to recently was normal mode initialization, or NMI (.). This has been used in many NWP centres, and has performed satisfactorily. Its most natural context is for global models, for which the horizontal structure of the

ECG769

Treating Model Error in 3-D and 4-D Data Assimilation, current and future states of the system. In operational schemes for atmosphere and ocean forecasting, the model equations are generally assumed to be a ‘perfect’ representation of the true dynamical system and are treated as strong constraints in the assimilation process. The model equations do not

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Introduction to Initialization,e examined and the causes of spurious oscillations are elucidated. The history of methods of eliminating high-frequency noise is recounted and various initialization methods axe described. The normal mode initialization method is described, and illustrated by application to a simple mechanical system, the swinging spring.

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Digital Filter Initialization,normal modes corresponds to the Hough functions, the eigenmodes of the Laplace Tidal Equations. For limited area models, normal modes can also be derived, but the lateral boundaries force the introduction of simplifying assumptions.

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Treating Model Error in 3-D and 4-D Data Assimilation,, in practice, represent the system behaviour exactly, however, and model errors arise due to lack of resolution and inaccuracies in physical parameters, boundary conditions and forcing terms. Errors also occur due to discrete approximations and random disturbances.