Titlebook: Cultural Communications Between China and The Outside World Throughout History; Fuwei Shen Book 2024 Shanghai People‘s Publishing House 2

sinoatrial-node

Camilla Vásquez,Addie Sayers Chinating various civilizations. Due to the limitation of activity ability, people from different groups have very few opportunities to contact each other, and the information of cultural transmission is fragile, so they have to be in the Paleolithic era, which used coarse stone tools for millions of years.

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abreast

Camilla Vásquez,Addie Sayers ChinaIn the twelfth century, Mongolian nomadic tribes emerged in northern China, and world history underwent tremendous changes. In 1206, Temuchin (1162–1227) of the Borjigin clan unified the Mongolian grasslands and was elected as the Mongolian Great Khan, respectfully known as Genghis Khan, meaning “Heavenly Gifted Khan.”

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92663-6In June 1402, the Emperor of Ming, Zhu Di, ascended the throne in Nanjing and decided to utilize the substantial royal treasury as a foundation for active state-sponsored trade.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84602-2In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire, and the Ottoman Empire occupied Western Asia, annexed Egypt and North Africa, and controlled the routes from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Black Sea to the Mediterranean. They imposed significant taxes on merchants from various countries passing these routes.

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Computational Discourse AnalysisIn the late Qing Dynasty, China’s shipping industry was controlled by the Western powers which had a catastrophic influence on China’s foreign trade and economic development. The world shipping industry underwent revolutionary changes after the introduction of steamships in ocean shipping.