Titlebook: Cryotechniques in Biological Electron Microscopy; Rudolf Alexander Steinbrecht,Karl Zierold Book 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 19

JOT

The Response of Biological Macromolecules and Supramolecular Structures to the Physics of Specimen Chieved with procedures that allow for averaging from identical subunits. At the other level, we consider rearrangements and small aggregations of macromolecules due to the specimen preparation. This is the resolution of 10–20 nm achieved normally with the current methods of preparation of biological material.

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Cryoelectron Microscopy of Vitrified Specimensthe last 20 years were not aimed at preserving the hydration of the specimen in the electron microscope. Freezing was only used as an aid to preparation. The objects ultimately observed in the electron microscope were dry and at room temperature. Such cryomethods have recently been reviewed in detail (Robards and Sleytr 1985).

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Cryofixation of Dynamic Processes in Cells and Organellesmical fixation procedures have routinely been used, although their limitations and risks have been well recognized (Fernandez-Moran 1964; Rebhun 1965). On the other hand, the drawbacks of chemical treatments have stimulated the development of rapid freezing techniques which reduce the formation of ice crystals (Van Harreveld and Crowell 1964).