Titlebook: Cough: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment; Alessandro Zanasi,Giovanni A. Fontana,Donatella Mu Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland

使成整體

Chronic Cough and Upper Airway Syndromegh. These disorders may be associated with bacterial or viral infections as well as allergic and non-allergic inflammation. The mechanisms provoking chronic cough during upper airway disturbances, the diagnostic workup and the possible pharmacological treatment are detailed.

禁止

tinnitus

Vom Journalisten zum Redaktionsmanagertor acts. It is triggered by nociceptive stimulation of cough-related vagal afferents arising from rapidly adapting receptors and from C-fiber endings located in the larynx and tracheobronchial tree. Rapidly adapting receptors of the upper airways probably comprise a subgroup of “cough receptors” sp

酷熱

Vom Journalisten zum Redaktionsmanagerceptors and/or from nonspecific C-fiber endings in the airways. Cough mechanosensors respond to punctate stimuli and rapid decrease of pH (acidic environment) in the airways providing crucial airway cleaning mechanism. Nonspecific chemosensors provide protection against irritant chemicals reaching l

急急忙忙

Vom Journalisten zum Redaktionsmanagerd central levels. It shows several components (sensory-discriminative, affective, reflex) that reach their maximum complexity in awake animals and especially in humans who display even placebo/nocebo effects. This chapter is primarily focused on reflex cough triggered by nociceptive stimulation of t

按等級

Vom Journalisten zum Redaktionsmanagerthe intensity, sequence, and duration of individual components (e.g., inspiratory activity, compression phase, expiratory activity, etc.) is produced by appropriate and coordinated activation of pump (diaphragm, intercostal and abdominal) and valve (mainly laryngeal) muscles. The differences in the

謙卑

腐爛

eczema

deforestation