Titlebook: Controversies in Orthopaedic Surgery of the Lower Limb; E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán,Alexander D. Liddle Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applic

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Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty: One-Stage or Two-Stage,joint is also affected. Patients with bilateral hip disease present a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. The decision to perform both during a single anesthetic exposure depends on the medical condition of the patient and the functional status of each hip. It is still controversial to carry out b

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,Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Core Decompression or?Total Hip Arthroplasty?,pite basic research has attempted to clarify many issues related to this condition, there are still many questions to answer. Annual incidence in many countries is to rise and there are factors associated that are difficult to evaluate. Although some co-morbidities and drugs are strongly correlated

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Controversies on the Surgical Treatment of Cartilage Defects of the Knee,e (MFX), mosaicplasty, osteochondral allograft cartilage transplantation, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), matrix-associated ACI (MACI), scaffolds, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Arthroscopic debridement, microfracture (MFX), and mosaicplasty usually lead to the formation of fibrocarti

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,Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Isolated or?Combined with an Extra-Articular Procedure?,especially in groups at risk of failure. Almost all recent studies show benefits of combined ACLR + LEAP versus isolated ACLR in terms of reducing clinical failure and graft rupture. In addition, very few complications have been reported following LEAPs. There are no long-term studies on anatomic an

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Optimal Technique in Knee Osteotomy,Various techniques have been advocated to plan and perform osteotomy with optimized accuracy but in cases where the femur or tibial deformity is not correctly evaluated, the resultant corrective osteotomies may result in an oblique joint line. Thus, surgeons should question if a high tibial osteotom

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,Upper Tibial Osteotomy or?Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthr treatments aim to either preserve the joint surfaces whilst addressing malalignment of the limb (osteotomy) or replace the joint itself (arthroplasty). Where total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has historically been a popular choice in these patients, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tib