Titlebook: Contemporary Theories and Systems in Psychology; Benjamin B. Wolman Book 1981 Plenum Press, New York 1981 Gestalt psychology.Humanistic Ps

FAZE

Conditioned ReflexesNone of the three “fathers” of contemporary psychology considered psychology his occupation. Freud was a practicing physician, Dilthey was a philosopher, and Pavlov was a pharmacologist and physiologist.

里程碑

紀念

New Theories in PsychoanalysisAdler’s and Jung’s disagreements with Freud were on matters of theory and principle. Both Adler and Jung rejected the concepts of Eros and Thanatos, the theory of developmental stages, and the personality model based on the id, ego, and superego.

閑蕩

Away from Freud: The Sociological SchoolIf someone had asked Freud about the nature of human culture, he would probably have answered as follows: Human nature is the basis of culture. Culture is the product of human nature, and psychology of the individual is the key that opens the door to the study of culture.

Cocker

Understanding PsychologyFor the third and last time in this volume, we have to go back to the “roots” of contemporary psychological theory. This time we must go further back, to the common philosophical foundations of the great variety of theories described in the third part of this volume, including those of Spranger, Stern, Wertheimer, Lewin, and others.

細頸瓶

Field TheoryPsychologists have always been enchanted by physics. The exactness and beauty of physical experiments and the resulting mathematical formulas have seemed to psychologists to be the prototype of any scientific research. To be scientific has often been considered synonymous with imitation of the methods and manners of physical research.

多山

The Scientific MethodThe term “science” denotes both a certain type of activity and the results of it. Often a distinction is made, and rightly so, between the . activity and the resulting ., both legitimately described as “scientific.”

compassion

The Great Beginningssystems differ in methods of research, in the selection of problems to be studied, and in conclusions arrived at. When psychologists, like all other scientists, form theories or general and comprehensive systems of interpretation of their empirical findings, the differences among them are quite apparent.

NOCT

口味

The Great Beginningssystems differ in methods of research, in the selection of problems to be studied, and in conclusions arrived at. When psychologists, like all other scientists, form theories or general and comprehensive systems of interpretation of their empirical findings, the differences among them are quite appa