Titlebook: Contemporary Peacemaking; Peace Processes, Pea Roger Mac Ginty,Anthony Wanis-St. John Book 2022Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable)

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Diffusion vs. Coherence: The Competitive Environment of Multiparty Mediationncreasingly complex in recent years due to proliferation of relevant actors, both through the presence of multiple mediators (also known as multiparty mediation) and through the fragmentation of conflict parties. While lessons from the study of collective action dilemmas and multilateral negotiation

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Negotiating Peace in the Shadowsne, Northern Ireland and South Africa. Secret communication is especially valuable in highly ideologically charged and intractable conflicts where open contact is politically impossible. The chapter discusses the motivations for covert contact, outlining how it increases the clarity of communication