Titlebook: Congenital Heart Disease; The Catheterization Lisa Bergersen,Susan Foerster,Jeffery Meadows Book 2009 Springer-Verlag US 2009 Angiography.

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Pulmonary Angioplastyprocedures do have important differences with regard to the technique and choice of balloons. The goal of angioplasty is to create a controlled tear in a vessel wall so that the vessel can heal in the newly created diameter following relief of the stenosis. The ability of a balloon to tear a vessel

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Device Closure of Fontan Fenestrationsodification is as follows: For a Fontan circulation to function properly, it is critical that the pulmonary vascular resistance be low and that the mean PA pressures also be low. In particular, it is desirable to have a mean PA pressure below 20?mmHg. Cardiopulmonary bypass invariably results in an

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ASD Device Closurequired a 23 Fr introducer. Since then different device designs have been studied. There are now two FDA-approved devices used for ASD closure: AMPLATZER Septal Occluder. and Helex.. Secundum atrial septal defects are usually closed to reduce right ventricular volume overload (RVVO) which is diagnose

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Device Closure of Fontan Fenestrationss results in maintenance of forward cardiac output at the expense of oxygen saturation. The fenestration technique has resulted in a much more stable postoperative ICU course as well as a decreased incidence and duration of pleural effusion following Fontan surgery (1).

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Mediators: Trust in Individuals and Groupsracardiac saturations and pressures (the only way to know when something is abnormal) and the calculations used for flow and resistance. All cardiologists must clearly understand not only the basis of the calculations, but also the limitations intrinsic to them.