Titlebook: Congenital Esophageal Stenosis; Ashraf Ibrahim,Talal Al-Malki Book 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 esophageal atresia.Tracheoesop

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Congenital Esophageal Stenosis in Adults,paction and dysphagia due to trachea-like multiple submucosal rings as seen by endoscopy in the mid esophagus. CES is an under-recognized cause for long standing dysphagia in adults. CES in adults is more common in men. Radiographic and endoscopic examination show smooth concentric stricture or mult

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General,f this set of folds would lead to different forms of malformation. Advances in genetics and molecular biology, lead to focusing on the process that occurs at a cellular level and gene patterns of expression and elucidating signaling pathways..The congenital membranous disease (MD) has been considere

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Histology of the Atretic Esophagus,prominent pathological changes in the LEP of EA/TEF. These changes might contribute to the pathogenesis of esophageal dysmotility in patients who have survived EA/TEF. There are abnormal intrinsic dysplasia of myenteric nerve plexus and an imbalanced release of neurotransmitters. There are lower int

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The Spectrum of CES,lated CES can affect any part of the esophagus; upper, middle, lower esophagus or even the cardiac end mimicking cardiac achalasia. The MD may be an isolated lesion or associated with EA. It may be a complete diaphragm or a perforated one. Associated anomalies with CES may be as high as 17–52.5%.

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Treatment of CES,ot achieved or symptoms recur very soon after dilatation. The extent of CES into the distal esophagus should be accurately assessed during surgery. CES should be considered an important cause of refractory or recurrent stricture. Every effort should be made to avoid esophageal replacement unless it

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What Should Be Done if Dilatations with Adjuncts Fail?,ts. Stents are very effective for treating post-dilatation perforations and post-anastomotic leaks. Gagging, stent displacement, migration into the stomach, perforation, air way compression, granulation tissue, GERD, aspiration pneumonia, and arterioesophageal fistula are possible complications of s

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