Titlebook: Congenital Anomalies of Coronary Arteries; Gianfranco Butera,Alessandro Frigiola Book 2023 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)

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Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries from the Pulmonary Artery: ALCAPA and ARCAPA reported the presence of accessory arteries originating from the anterior side of the PA and joining a network of thoraco-mediastinal thoracic vessels, including CAs branches normally originating from the aorta. The first adult report of anomalous left CA (LCA) from PA (ALCAPA) came in 1908 from Ma

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Coronary Artery Anomalies: An Updated Discussion on Nomenclature, Pathophysiology, and Screeningues in the field. ., a unified nomenclature acceptable to the multiple groups involved in this subject is urgently needed: To improve clarity and communication, we must abandon divisive attitudes. We propose a rational, practical scheme that could work well for everybody. ., the recent acquisition o

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Role of Patient History and Non-invasive Tests in the Workflow of Patientsnts without other significant congenital heart defects. Most coronary artery anomalies are benign but a few are clinically important, in that they may cause myocardial ischemia, left ventricular dysfunction, and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Anomalies discussed in this c

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Role of Invasive and Provocative Testshallenge for the invasive cardiologist. In this setting, a prior Computed tomographic study is highly warranted in order to both identify the major characteristics of the coronary arteries and guide the invasive study and treatments.

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Pediatric Patients: Role of Invasive and Provocative Testsollow-up. Evaluation and management decision-making are variable among institutions. Identifying diagnostic tools that indicate the potential risk of myocardial ischemia in the young population with AAOCA is likely the most attainable tool in hopes of optimal risk stratification. Similarly, myocardi

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How Computational Model May Help in Mechanism Understanding?nal data. Computational simulations may help to virtually assess the complex relationship between coronary anatomical features, local hemodynamics, and myocardial perfusion. It may become a valuable tool to enhance patients’ risk stratification and the related treatment pathways. This chapter discus