Titlebook: Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America; Ulrich Seeliger,Bj?rn Kjerfve Book 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Bay.Coast.Coral

不連貫

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41045-6nct interannual ecosystem variability. The coastal upwelling system, which hardly comprises 0.02% of the total ocean surface, is of great significance because it determines the enormous productivity of Peruvian coastal waters, representing almost 20% of the world’s landings of industrial fish.

巨頭

The Maracaibo System, Venezuela,Eustatic sea level changes during the Holocene have induced either fresh or brackish water conditions in the lake. After the last transgression (about 9,000 years ..), when sea levels were about 20 m above present levels, numerous islands and bars were formed at the mouth of the estuary.

恃強凌弱

,The Lagoon Region and Estuary Ecosystem of Cananéia, Brazil,1–3 km wide and up to 20 m deep (mean depth 6 m). The backwaters and small rivers are shallower and characteristically fringed by mangrove vegetation. The system connects with the Atlantic Ocean through channels at the northern (Barra de Icaparra) and southern (Barra de Cananéia) end of Comprida Island (Tessler and Souza 1998; Fig. 9.1).

Optimum

PACT

Book 2001ngs, biotic components and structure of the system, considers trophic processes and energy flow, evaluates the modifying influence of natural and human perturbations, and suggests management needs. Although the focus of the book is on basic ecological research, the results have application for coastal managers.

形上升才刺激

The nature and meaning of the totalistins and alluvial fans characterize the Atlantic coastline. Today, approximately 93% of South America’s drainage is to the Caribbean and the Atlantic away from the Andes and provides the world’s best example of present-day continent-scale drainage control by plate tectonics (Inman and Nordstrom 1971; Hoorn et al. 1995; Potter 1997).

Decimate

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EXPEL

The Patos Lagoon Estuary, Brazil,-chemical characteristics which control ecological processes and vital habitats for the successful reproduction and/or growth of many commercially important marine species which visit the estuary periodically.

Urgency

The nature and meaning of the totalistrine ecosystems of South America. The continent’s Phanerozoic tectonic history is dominated by its separation from Africa and the Mid-Miocene uplift of the Andes. Tectonically, South America is divided into two parts, the Andean chain to the west and a vast stable platform to the east, consisting of