Titlebook: Clinical Guide to Musculoskeletal Medicine; A Multidisciplinary S. Ali Mostoufi,Tony K. George,Alfred J. Tria Jr. Book 2022 The Editor(s)

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44657-8logic deficits requiring surgery. This chapter will explore the etiology, clinical presentation, physical examination, diagnostic workup, and management of failed back syndrome in the lumbar spine. It will also explore the paradigm shift in the perception of failed back syndrome.

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Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Spine Surgeryand perioperative resource requirements. As these devices decrease in size, there will likely be a concomitant increase in adjuvant localization tools, such as navigation and robotic automation. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a basic overview of these techniques as well as some of their most common indications.

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Rules and Dispositions in Language Usees, osteotomies and a combination of surgical techniques are necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. This chapter aims to educate the reader on indications, brief surgical technique, benefits and potential complications, and possible outcome of each type of surgery.

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