Titlebook: Climate and circulation of the tropics; Stefan Hastenrath Book 1985 D. Reidel Publishing Company 1985 climate

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Diurnal Forcings and Local Circulations, latitudes where the diurnal is much smaller than the annual cycle. Forcings on the time scale of a day or less result from horizontal contrasts in the surface heat budget and thermal and gravitational atmospheric tides; both heat budget and tidal forcings being particularly pronounced in the low la

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Planetary Scale Atmospheric Circulation,nal-vertical cross-sections. Thus the distribution of temperature and humidity is discussed in Section 3.1. The temperature and humidity distribution is, through the thickness pattern and the slope of constant pressure surfaces, related to the zonal wind regime, as reviewed in Section 3.2. The mean

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Ocean Circulation,budget (Chapter 5), in the quasi-permanent circulation systems of the lower atmosphere (Chapter 6), in the mechanisms of interannual variability and regional climate anomalies (Chapters 8–9), and in the characteristics of past climates (Chapters 11–12). As a background for these topics, the basics o

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Regional Circulation Systems,descending branches of these cells and the associated anticyclonic axes in the lower troposphere provide a natural delineation of the poleward extremities of the tropical atmosphere. Accordingly, the discussion of regional circulation systems in this chapter will in Sections 6.3 to 6.6 proceed from

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Climatology of Weather Systems,s to be concentrated. The purpose of the present chapter is to review the large-scale environmental setting, and the regional and seasonal characteristics of prominent synoptic weather systems. Atmospheric disturbances are individuals rather than identical replicas of each other. Synoptic models are

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Interannual Variability of the Atmosphere-Ocean System,ssed in Chapters 6 and 7, while Chapter 4 provides an orientation on the characteristic average mode of operation of the low-latitude oceans. This background is required for the understanding of year-to-year variations which are to be explored in the present chapter. The mechanisms of interannual va