Titlebook: Chemical Constituents of Bryophytes; Bio- and Chemical Di Yoshinori Asakawa,Agnieszka Ludwiczuk,Fumihiro Nag Book 2013 The Editor(s) (if ap

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Shapes, Transforms, and Brushes,antiophyta, but also of the Bryophyta (mosses) and the Anthocerotae (hornworts). Two short review articles of the chemical constituents of bryophytes and the distribution of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenoids in bryophytes and synthesis of a few secondary metabolites have been reported in 1994 by . and associates (987) and by . (160).

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Introduction,antiophyta, but also of the Bryophyta (mosses) and the Anthocerotae (hornworts). Two short review articles of the chemical constituents of bryophytes and the distribution of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenoids in bryophytes and synthesis of a few secondary metabolites have been reported in 1994 by . and associates (987) and by . (160).

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Introduction,e was issued as Volume 65 in 1995 (40). These included the chemical constituents, their biological activity and chemosystematics not only of the Marchantiophyta, but also of the Bryophyta (mosses) and the Anthocerotae (hornworts). Two short review articles of the chemical constituents of bryophytes

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Biodiversity of Bryophytes,genera (Table 1.1), and 6,000 species. These small plant groups are distributed nearly everywhere in the world. New species are still being recorded in literature. There are 54 endemic genera in countries of the southern hemisphere, such as New Zealand and Argentina, as shown in Fig. 2.1 (364). In A

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Chemical Constituents of Anthocerotophyta,l constituents of the Anthocerotophyta are very distinct from the other two classes, the Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta. Previously, several sesquiterpenes and sterols were detected only by GC/MS, while some lignans and cinnamic acid derivatives were isolated from certain hornworts (40). Although the

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Biologically Active Compounds of the Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta,, bitterness, pungency, and sweetness as well as allergenic contact dermatitis, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal, calmodulin inhibitory, cardiotonic, insect antifeedant, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory, molluscicidal, muscle relaxant, neurotrophic, plant growth regulatory, superoxide release inhibitor

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Chemosystematics of Marchantiophyta, group, which comprises two morphological subgroups, “simple thalloids” and “l(fā)eafy hepatics”. These groups have been defined in the hierarchy of most classification schemes and have long been viewed as natural phylogenetic units (167, 732). The recent molecular phylogenetic studies have brought new

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