Titlebook: Challenges of Aging; Pensions, Retirement Cornelius Torp Book 2015 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2015 Ageing.demography.p

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9.1.1 Radical-radical reactions,d ones; the lagging countries will soon follow. Although the timing and pace of the transitions differ, the basic structure of change is typically very similar. Starting from an initial equilibrium with slow population growth, mortality first begins to decline while fertility remains high. The popul

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9.2.3.6 Reactions with aldehydes,ch pension policy-making. In this view, elderly voters and/or interest groups are important, even determinative forces behind the development and current trajectories of pension systems in the rich industrialized democracies. This perspective is based on three assumptions: first, a thin rationalist

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9.2.3.2 Reactions with alkenes and alkynes,rns of policy stability over time within particular policy sectors (Pierson, 1993, 2000, 2004). Central to this argument is a claim that positive feedbacks tend to lead to the growth of supportive constituencies around policies in place and to the truncation of reform options considered, resulting i

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9.2.3.5 Reactions with ketones and ethers,parting) changes — were not impracticable as was suggested by research on the “new politics of the welfare state” (Pierson, 1994, 2001). Reforms came about when incumbent governments were able to shift or share the blame for retrenchments enacted, to hide the true impact of changes, or expected to r

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9.2.3.7 Reactions with carboxylic acids,ing the National Employee Savings Trust (NEST).. Conceived by the Labour government’s Pensions Commission (2005), Lord Turner’s expert panel recommended the establishment of NEST as a way of addressing the pensions crisis: the future liabilities associated with government-provided social security, d

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9.1.1 Radical-radical reactions,life or at least as long as one’s bodily and mental performance allowed one to do so was the rule in pre-industrial Europe and throughout the nineteenth century. The twentieth century, in contrast, has been experiencing a continuing process of dissociation of work and old age, which consists of thre

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9.1.1 Radical-radical reactions,age structure of their populations — and with a gradual acceleration of demographic change. In 2012 (most recent data), none of the EU countries statistically reached a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 (considered to be the replacement level fertility rate), the average rate being 1.58.. In 2013, t

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