Titlebook: Cervical Spine Surgery: Standard and Advanced Techniques; Cervical Spine Resea Heiko Koller,Yohan Robinson Book 2019 Springer Nature Switze

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surrogate

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Cervical Spine Surgery: Standard and Advanced Techniques978-3-319-93432-7

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加花粗鄙人

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3652-8e craniocervical spine, the subaxial spine and the cervicothoracic junction (Fig. 1.1). At each of these three cervical levels, the most appropriate approach corridor, access and indications can then be further considered as regards the 360° of approach which are encompassed within the anterior, pos

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3652-8 history. Fusion techniques evolved starting from bone grafts, various spacers made from i.e. titanium, composites and polyether-ketones, different plating technologies to dorsal screw-rod constructs. New materials and fusion technologies are under development. A broad variety of surgical techniques