Titlebook: Care of the Critically Ill Patient; Jack Tinker (Dean of Postgraduate Medicine, Honora Book 1992Latest edition Springer-Verlag London Limi

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Acid-Base Disturbanceslular pH is also tightly controlled; its mean value is approximately 6.9 (range 6.3–7.4) but cannot be determined accurately as it varies within different cellular compartments [35]. In order to control the extracellular hydrogen ion concentration in the short term excess H. are buffered and in the medium to longer term they are excreted.

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fortified by the many positive and helpful comments of reviewers and readers: the work appeared to have fulfilled our original aims and objectives. Intensive care medicine has, of course, advanced and changed in many ways since 1982 and it therefore seemed appropriate to consider the preparation of

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62191-9hophysiology of circulatory shock. Because of the heterogeneity of shock states and the difficulty in studying critically ill patients, much of the information presented is derived from experimental studies.

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Cardiopulmonary Interactionsvery to the tissues will be compromised. The resultant condition has many causes, collectively called shock. Shock can be defined as that level of O. delivery to the tissues which is inadequate to maintain normal tissue function; it can be thought of as a state of O. crisis.

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Fluid and Electrolyte Balanceo that of their saltwater environment, but with evolution to fresh water and land there were various modifications, which included the development of an integument impermeable to water and modifications in renal function to allow the excretion or conservation of water and sodium according to the prevailing conditions.