Titlebook: Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy; Mechanisms and Pract Igor R. Efimov,Fu Siong Ng,Jacob I. Laughner Book 2021Latest edition Springer Nature Swit

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The History of Mappingy. This review is focused on the origin and development of activation mapping. Although areas of study of clinical cardiac electrophysiology did not originate until the late 1960s, activation mapping with electrodes on the surface of the heart had its origin 6 decades earlier, and has continued to d

DECRY

History of Optical Mappinge heart to record NADH., transmembrane potential, and intracellular calcium transients. While NADH. imaging relies on the intrinsic fluorescent signals from the tissue, fluorescent dyes have been developed to record transmembrane potential and calcium transients. Optical mapping has been applied to

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The Bidomain Theory of Stimulationunderstood the basic mechanisms governing how a pacemaker excites the heart. The development of a mathematical model describing the electrical properties of cardiac tissue—the bidomain model—helped unravel these mechanisms. This chapter outlines several important predictions of the bidomain model re