Titlebook: Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003; Proceedings of the 8 Antonio Raviele Conference proceedings 2004 Springer-Verlag Italia 2004 Cardiac arrhythmias.

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Rate Control of Atrial Fibrillation: By How Much Should the Ventricular Rate be Lowered?itate the appearance of heart failure, at least in old people with heart disease [3,4], Moreover, mounting evidence shows that an elevated resting sinus rate is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In fact, in multivariate analysis, a high sinus rate emerged as an independent predi

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Does the Policy of Repeated Early Cardioversion for Recurrences of Atrial Fibrillation Work? rhythm for the first year [1]. The highest incidence of recurrences is seen during the first month after cardioversion, particularly within the first 5 days, when AF recurs in up to 40% of patients [2].

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Rate Control of Atrial Fibrillation: By How Much Should the Ventricular Rate be Lowered?ctor of mortality in the general population [5], in elderly subjects [6], and in selected groups of patients with hypertension [7] or myocardial infarction [8]. At present the prognostic value of resting HR in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown; however, it should be expected to be the same.

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Inequality Constrained Optimization,oped their arrhythmia before the age of 50 years, and these patients were at greater risk of clinical deterioration and HCM-related death than were patients with AF onset later in life [4]. Finally, postoperative AF occurred following surgical septal myectomy in approximately 30% of patients in one series [13].

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