Titlebook: Carcinoma of the Kidney and Testis, and Rare Urologic Malignancies; Innovations in Manag Zbigniew Petrovich (Professor of Radiation Oncolog

GURU

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GOAT

Imaging of Renal Parenchymal Tumorsons. Therefore, optimization of the imaging techniques is a continuous challenge for radiologists. Once a renal mass is detected, the radiologist is faced with two additional tasks: (1) to determine whether it is a simple renal cyst/benign lesion or a malignant tumor, or more simply, whether or not

FLINT

CLOT

Nephron-Sparing Surgerycancer, the mortality from kidney cancer can be estimated to be twice as high as that from bladder and 3 times as high as that from prostate cancer. The clinical picture of renal cell carcinoma has, however, changed completely during the last decade. Most tumors are no longer presenting at a locally

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Palliative Surgical Therapyetastatic disease at presentation. Following nephrectomy for apparently localized disease, 50% of patients will develop progression with the occurrence of distant metastases or locoregional recurrence. Most of these patients die within 1 year and the reported 5-year survival rates vary between 0% an

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先兆

Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomanosis (. et al. 1997). For these patients the prognosis is poor, with an estimated median survival of less than 1 year and an overall 5-year survival of less than 20% (. et al. 1991). Spontaneous remissions of metastatic lesions have on rare occasions been documented to occur after removal of the pr

鎮(zhèn)痛劑

The Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinomaf all genitourinary tumors in incidence and 18% in mortality rates (. et al. 1998). Most (>80%) tumors of the kidneys are renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), which show a predilection to occur in males in their fifth and sixth decades of life, although this tumor is known to occur in much younger patients

鉆孔