Titlebook: Calcium-Sensing Receptor; Naibedya Chattopadhyay,Edward M. Brown Book 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2003 Calcium.biochemis

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The Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaR) and Human Disease,ed PTH secretion maintains the concentration of serum Ca.in humans within a narrow range (between 9.0 and 10.4 mg/dl). In several now well-described disorders resulting from alterations in the gene encoding the CaR (gene name CASR), this precise regulation of serum calcium concentration is disturbed.

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Alternative Agonists and Modulators: Evidence that the Calcium-Sensing Receptor is a Multi-Modal Seimportant metabolic modalities, perhaps contributing to other biochemical feedback loops. Depending on the composition of the local extracellular ., the CaR can sense variations in extracellular levels of:

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,Besch?ftigungspolitik in Lateinamerika,riety of receptor-mediated events. The levels of free calcium in the cytosol (Ca..), although dependent to some extent on extracellular calcium (Ca..), are much lower than the latter (100 nM vs. 1.1–1.3 mM) (.,.). Quite unlike Ca.., Ca.. fluctuates rapidly and over a wide range (10-fold or more) in response to hormonal and other stimuli (.).

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97579-9re complex and multi-layered, with numerous opportunities for cross-talk between pathways. Furthermore, the predominant biological response to activation of the CaR is highly cell-type specific, implying that presence or absence of specific signaling intermediaries may have a profound effect on the outcome.

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Terrorismus im Zeitalter der Globalisierung,ered at the glomerulus is usually reabsorbed in the proximal tubule (PT) with the remaining Ca. reabsorbed by the thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop (TAL) and more distal nephron segments (see figure 1 A). Sodium and calcium transport by the kidney generally occur in parallel such that there is a codependence of calcium and sodium transport (.).

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An Overview of Extracellular Calcium Homeostasis and the Roles of the CaR in Parathyroid and C-celllogical processes. Intracellular calcium is vital for regulating myriad cellular functions, such as differentiation, secretion, proliferation and motility, and it also acts as a cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions (.). Equally importantly, it serves as an intracellular second messenger for a va

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Structure-Function Relationship of the Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor,R is expressed on the plasma membrane of a variety of cell types, including those involved in maintaining systemic calcium homeostasis, such as parathyroid chief cells, renal cells, as well as thyroid C-cells, and those not participating in systemic calcium homeostasis, such as brain and breast cell

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Calcium Receptor-mediated Signaling,in coupled receptors (GPCR). Biological responses associated with activation of the CaR include regulation of hormone secretion, activation of ion channels, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The mechanisms linking other G-protein coupled receptors to these diverse responses a

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