Titlebook: CIS Energy and Minerals Development; Prospects, Problems James P. Dorian,Pavel A. Minakir,Vitaly T. Borisov Book 1993 Springer Science+Bus

外露

Constantinos Mavroidis,Antoine Ferreiraelopment of energy and fuel resources within the Soviet Union, which since the beginning of the 1980s was the world leader in development of these resources. In the 1970s, the Soviet Union was first in world crude oil and condensate production, while from the beginning of the 1980s it led in natural gas production as well.

詞匯

商業(yè)上

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2119-1al civil unrest. Attempts to boost domestic minerals supplies in the republics have failed so far because of economic difficulties. And the former Soviet republics lack the financing required to initiate new, large-scale development projects.

農(nóng)學(xué)

哥哥噴涌而出

Jimmy L. Gosse,Michael C. Flickinger 1990s are examined. As will become clear from the chapter, many of these issues can be expected to have a bearing on the rate and extent of development of the mineral and energy resources of the Russian Far East region.

archenemy

搜集

Michael S. Bereman,David C. Muddimaner Soviet republics are now exercising complete control over their resources and related industries. The new Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), made up of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, the Ukraine and Uzbekistan, consists of many new c

解決

Constantinos Mavroidis,Antoine Ferreiraand area and inhabited by approximately 5.5 percent of its population, the CIS possesses 20 percent of proved global natural gas reserves and 15 percent of coal reserves, and it produces 21 percent of the world’s fuel resources (Table 2.1). Huge energy reserves provided the basis for substantial dev

牛馬之尿

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2119-1 of hard currency earnings. The CIS is the world leader not only in proved reserves of hydrocarbons, coal, iron ore, nickel, cobalt, tin, tungsten, titanium, potassium, apatites, asbestos, and barite, but also in the production of a variety of other minerals. At present, there are about 7,000 mines

GREG

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2119-1s today encountering problems in performance, efficiency, transportation and utilization. The industry operates below capacity and is plagued with outdated technology and equipment, rising production costs, capital shortages and labor strikes, in addition to general economic deterioration and region